Bafowethu labodadewethu bakithi eZimbabwe, eminyakeni edlule imakethe yemalimboleko ngobuchwepheshe ikhule kakhulu, ikakhulu ngama-app emalimboleko. Lokhu kukhula kukhuthazwe ukwanda kwama-smartphone, ukusabalala kwemali yeselula, kanye lesidingo semalimboleko esheshayo, ikakhulu kumbelezela izidingo zesikhashana. Njengochwepheshe bezimali, ngilapha ukuzokwabelana ngolwazi olujulile mayelana nalezi zinsizakalo, ukuze senze izinqumo ezihlakaniphile nezilungile.
Ukubuka Konke KweMakethe Yemalimboleko Yedijithali eZimbabwe
Ngonyaka ka-2025, umkhakha wokubolekisa ngemali ngobuchwepheshe eZimbabwe uqhubekile nokukhula ngesivinini. Lokhu kubangelwe ikakhulu ukusabalala kwama-smartphone nokwanda kwabasebenzisi bemali yeselula, kanye nesidingo esikhulu semalimboleko yesikhathi esifushane. Kusukela ekungenisweni kwe-ZiG ngo-Ephreli 2024, umkhakha wamabhange uzinze, kanti i-inflation yehle kakhulu. Izikwelede ezikhishwa emkhakheni wabazimele zikhule kakhulu, kanti ababolekisi ngedijithali sebebambe cishe u-15% wemalimboleko emisha ekhishwa.
Iningi lalaba babolekisi, okuhlanganisa abakhona lapha kanye nabavela kwamanye amazwe, banikeza imalimboleko encane esheshayo nge-Android kanye ne-iOS apps. Amanani emalimboleko ngokuvamile aphakathi kuka-US$20 no-US$500, kanti izilinganiso zenzalo (APRs) zisukela ku-100% kuya ngaphezu kuka-200%. Lezi zilinganiso eziphakeme zibonisa ubungozi obukhulu kanye nezindleko zokulawula kulo mkhakha.
Indawo Yokulawula Nokuvikela Abathengi
Uhulumeni, ngokusebenzisa iBhange Elikhulu (i-Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe - RBZ) kanye neMnyango Wezimali, uzama ukulawula lo mkhakha ukuze uvikele abathengi. NgoFebhuwari 28, 2025, uNgqongqoshe Wezimali wakhipha umthetho i-SI 17 of 2025, oguqule imithetho yokunikeza izimvume kubahlinzeki bezinsizakalo zamabhange eselula, zokudlulisa imali, kanye nezokukhokha.
- Imali entsha yokufaka isicelo semvume ye-PSP (Payment Service Provider) isingu-US$5,000.
- Imali yonyaka ingu-2% wenzuzo ephelele (gross turnover), kodwa ngeke idlule u-US$50,000.
- Abaqhuba lezi zinsizakalo kumele babhalise ngaphansi kwe-National Payment Systems Act futhi balandele imithetho ye-Consumer Protection Act ukuze kuvikelwe abathengi.
Izilawuli zemali (exchange controls) ziye zaqiniswa, okuthinta izindlela zokukhokha zama-app, ezimvumele kuphela ukusebenzisa izikhwama zemali ezivunyiwe. Yize inani labahlinzeki be-PSP abanesimvume likhule ngo-40% unyaka nonyaka phakathi no-2025, ukulandela imithetho yenzalo kanye nokubika ngesikwelede kusese yinkinga okumele ilungiswe.
Izinkampani Ezinkulu Zama-App Emalimboleko LamaPlatform
Nansi eminye yezinkampani ezinkulu zama-app emalimboleko ezisebenza eZimbabwe njengamanje:
1. HiMoney - Online Loan App
Itholakalela kuma-app stores (Google Play isilinganiso 4.4, abantu abangu-100K+ abayifakile).
Inikeza imalimboleko esukela ku-US$10 kuye ku-US$1,000, nenzalo ephakathi kuka-138% no-163% ngonyaka.
Inemali yesevisi engu-10-15% kanye, futhi ayidingi isibambiso. Isikhathi sokubuyisa sisuka ezinsukwini ezingu-91 kuye kwezingu-180.
Ukubhalisa kufuna inombolo yocingo kanye ne-EcoCash wallet, futhi isebenzisa idatha yocingo (umlando wemiyalezo, indawo) ukuhlola ubungozi.
2. InnBucks
Itholakalela ku-Google Play (isilinganiso 4.2) naku-App Store.
Inikeza imalimboleko esukela ku-US$5 kuye ku-US$200, nenzalo ephakathi kuka-120% no-200% (akukacaci kahle).
Inemali yesevisi engu-15% kanye, kanti isikhathi sokubuyisa yizinsuku ezingu-30.
Ukubhalisa kufuna inombolo yocingo, ukulayisha i-ID, kanye ne-selfie. Ihlola umlando wokusebenzisa imali yeselula.
3. Ready Loans (LendC)
Itholakalela ku-Google Play (isilinganiso 3.8) naku-App Store.
Inikeza imalimboleko esukela ku-US$10 kuye ku-US$300, nenzalo ephakathi kuka-150% no-180% (akukacaci kahle).
Inemali yesevisi engu-12%, kanti isikhathi sokubuyisa yizinsuku ezingu-30. Isebenzisa i-USSD kanye ne-app.
4. Instant EcoCash (Tinovimba Mawoyo)
Itholakalela ku-Google Play (isilinganiso 4.0) kanye naku-USSD (*151#).
Inikeza imalimboleko esukela ku-US$5 kuye ku-US$100, nenzalo ephakathi kuka-100% no-130% (akukacaci kahle).
Inemali yesevisi engu-5%, futhi kufanele ibuyiswe ezinsukwini ezingu-30. Ihlola ukuthengiselana kwe-EcoCash wallet.
5. Fair Loans (Cemes Ltd)
Itholakalela ku-Google Play (isilinganiso 3.9).
Inikeza imalimboleko esukela ku-US$20 kuye ku-US$500, nenzalo ephakathi kuka-140% no-170% (akukacaci kahle).
Inemali yesevisi engu-10%, kanti izikhathi zokubuyisa zingama-30 kuya kwangama-60 izinsuku. Isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-AI ukuhlola ubungozi.
6. EcoCash KaShagi (Steward Bank/EcoCash)
Isebenzisa i-USSD (*236# ye-Steward Bank noma *151# ye-EcoCash).
Inikeza imalimboleko esukela ku-US$10 kuye ku-US$150, nenzalo engu-72% ngonyaka (inemali yokusingatha engu-15%). Isikhathi sokubuyisa yizinsuku ezingu-30.
Le yi-app enenzalo ephansi kakhulu phakathi kwalokhu okukhona, futhi inikeza izinsizakalo ezisheshayo.
7. POSB Instant Payday Loan
Isebenzisa i-USSD (*223# ye-Econet noma *222# ye-NetOne/Telecel).
Inikeza imalimboleko esukela ku-US$5 kuye ku-US$50, nenzalo engu-180% (akukacaci kahle). Inemali engu-20% kanye, kanti isikhathi sokubuyisa yizinsuku ezingu-7-14.
8. OneMoney Nano Loans (NetOne)
Isebenzisa i-USSD (*163#).
Inikeza imalimboleko esukela ku-US$5 kuye ku-US$100, nenzalo engu-150% (akukacaci kahle). Inemali yesevisi engu-15%, kanti isikhathi sokubuyisa yizinsuku ezingu-30.
Kukhona futhi i-Wildfin Smart Loan App ne-MyZB Credit, kodwa imininingwane yazo ayikacaci kahle futhi ayikaqinisekiswa.
Ukuqhathanisa Okufushane Kwemalimboleko
Ukuze uqonde kangcono, nansi imininingwane eyinhloko yokuboleka kusuka kuma-app adumile:
- I-HiMoney: Inzalo: 138-163%, Inani Elikhulu: US$1,000, Indlela Yokuthola: EcoCash wallet, Isilinganiso: 4.4.
- I-InnBucks: Inzalo: 120-200%, Inani Elikhulu: US$200, Indlela Yokuthola: Imali yeselula, Isilinganiso: 4.2.
- I-Ready Loans: Inzalo: 150-180%, Inani Elikhulu: US$300, Indlela Yokuthola: Ukudlulisa ebhange, Isilinganiso: 3.8.
- I-Instant EcoCash: Inzalo: 100-130%, Inani Elikhulu: US$100, Indlela Yokuthola: EcoCash wallet, Isilinganiso: 4.0.
- I-Fair Loans: Inzalo: 140-170%, Inani Elikhulu: US$500, Indlela Yokuthola: Imali yeselula, Isilinganiso: 3.9.
- I-EcoCash KaShagi: Inzalo: 72%, Inani Elikhulu: US$150, Indlela Yokuthola: USSD (wallet), Isilinganiso: Akukatholakali.
- I-POSB Payday: Inzalo: 180%, Inani Elikhulu: US$50, Indlela Yokuthola: USSD (iselula), Isilinganiso: Akukatholakali.
- I-OneMoney Nano: Inzalo: 150%, Inani Elikhulu: US$100, Indlela Yokuthola: USSD (wallet), Isilinganiso: Akukatholakali.
Izilinganiso Zenzalo, Amanani Emalimboleko, Lezikhathi Zokubuyisa
Njengoba kubonakala emlandweni wethu, izilinganiso zenzalo (APRs) kulezi zinsizakalo zemalimboleko ngedijithali zingaphezulu kakhulu, zisukela ku-100% kuye ku-200% nangaphezulu. Lokhu kuhlukile ezilinganisweni ezivame ukutholakala emabhange ajwayelekile. Amanani emalimboleko ngokuvamile mancane, alungele izidingo zesikhashana, asukela ku-US$5 kuye ku-US$1,000, kodwa iningi liphakathi kuka-US$20 no-US$500.
Ngokuqondene nezimali, iningi lama-app lisebenzisa imali yesevisi (service fee) engu-5% kuye ku-20% yokuqala yenani lemalimboleko. Izikhathi zokubuyisa nazo zifishane kakhulu, iningi lisuka ezinsukwini ezingu-7 kuye kwezingu-60, kanti amanye anikeza kuze kufike ezinsukwini ezingu-180. Kubalulekile ukuba uqonde kahle zonke izimali nezikhathi ngaphambi kokuboleka, njengoba izimali ezifihliwe nezinhlawulo zingakhuphula kakhulu isikwelede sakho.
Ukwamukelwa Kobuchwepheshe Lokuhlanganiswa Kwemali Yeselula
Ukukhula kwalo mkhakha kuhambisana kakhulu nokwanda kobuchwepheshe bamaselula. Ama-smartphone nama-network emali yeselula (njenge-EcoCash ne-OneMoney) ayinhliziyo yalo mkhakha. Abasebenzisi bangafaka izicelo, bathole imvume, futhi bathole imali ngokushesha, konke ngeselula yabo.
Inqubo yokubhalisa (KYC - Know Your Customer) ihlanganisa ukusebenzisa inombolo yocingo, ukulayisha ikhadi lesazisi, ukuthatha i-selfie, kanye nokuhlola i-EcoCash wallet. Amanye ama-app aphinde asebenzise idatha yocingo njengomlando wemiyalezo (SMS history) nendawo ukuhlola ubungozi bokubolekisa. Lobu buchwepheshe obusebenzisa idatha (behavioral scoring ne-AI risk scoring) buvumela ababolekisi ukuba benze izinqumo ngokushesha nangempumelelo.
Izitayela Zemakethe Lokubuka Okuzayo
Ukwanda kwababhali ngaphansi kwe-National Payment Systems Act kukhombisa ukuthi umkhakha usaqhubeka nokukhula, ikakhulu ngemalimboleko encane. Kodwa-ke, kusekhona izinselele ekulawuleni ngokugcwele izilinganiso zenzalo kanye nokuqinisekisa ukubikwa kwesikwelede okufanelekile. Esikhathini esizayo, singalindela ukuthuthukiswa okwengeziwe kwezinqubo ze-KYC, mhlawumbe kuhlanganise ne-biometric verification ukuze kube nokuphepha okwengeziwe. Kodwa ubungozi bokuvikelwa kwedatha yabantu buzohlala buyinkinga enkulu okumele kubhekwane nayo.
Izeluleko Ezisebenzayo Kwabathengi
Ngenkathi ama-app emalimboleko enikeza ukufinyelela okulula emalini, aza nobunzima obuthile okumele buqashelwe. Abantu ababolekayo bangazithola sebegxile emijikelezweni yezikwelede ngenxa yenzalo ephezulu, izimali ezingacacile, kanye nezinhlawulo ezifihliwe. Ubumfihlo bedatha buphinde bube yinkinga enkulu, njengoba amanye ama-app efuna ukufinyelela ngokugcwele kumlando wemiyalezo yocingo nomunye ulwazi lomuntu siqu.
Nansi iseluleko esisebenzayo ukuze uboleke ngokuphepha:
Qhathanisa Izilinganiso Zenzalo Nezemali: Ngaphambi kokuboleka, qhathanisa i-APR kanye nezinye izimali phakathi kwama-app ahlukene ukuze ukhethe okungcono kakhulu kuwe.
Boleka Okwazi Ukukubuyisa: Qiniseka ukuthi uboleka kuphela inani lemali ozokwazi ukulibuyisa ngesikhathi esivumelanayo, ukuze ugweme izikwelede ezingadingekile.
Sebenzisa Abahlinzeki Abanemvume: Bheka ukuthi umhlinzeki wemalimboleko ubhalisiwe yini kwi-RBZ noma ku-Postal Authority. Abahlinzeki abangenamvume bangakubeka engozini yokuqola noma yokulahlekelwa yimali.
Hlola Imithetho Yobumfihlo Bedatha: Funda imithetho yobumfihlo bedatha ye-app, futhi ugweme ama-app afuna ukufinyelela okungadingekile kulwazi lwakho lomuntu siqu njengomlando wemiyalezo.
Londoloza Umlando Omuhle Wokubuyisa: Ukubuyisa izikwelede zakho ngesikhathi kuzokuvulela amathuba okuthola izilinganiso zenzalo eziphansi kanye namanani emalimboleko aphezulu esikhathini esizayo.
Lwazi oluvela kuma-app stores, imithetho ye-RBZ, kanye nolwazi olukhishwe yizinkampani (nezinsuku ezibekiwe). Okungakaqinisekiswa kubhalwe ngokucacile.
