POSB

Ukwethulwa Kwe-posb kanye Nomlando Wayo Ezweni

I-People’s Own Savings Bank (posb) yibhanki eliyinqaba eZimbabwe, njengoba lingelona elangaphandle, kodwa liqhutshwa nguhulumende weZimbabwe ngamaphesenti angamashumi ayisishiyagalolunye nanhlanu (95%). Leli bhanki lasungulwa ngomnyaka ka-1904 ngaphansi komthetho i-Post Office Savings Bank Act, laphinda laqiniswa ngumthetho i-People’s Own Savings Bank Act ngomnyaka ka-2001. Lokhu kwenza i-posb ibe nesisekelo esiqinile emlandweni wezezimali zezwe, yaba yingxenye ebalulekile yokuphila kwabantu basemakhaya kanye labasemadolobheni.

Inhloso enkulu ye-posb kusekugcineni imali kanye nokunikeza izikwelede ezilula, ikakhulukazi kubantu abahola imiholo, izisebenzi zikahulumende, kanye lamabhizinisi amancane. Bafinyelela abantu abaningi ngokusebenzisa amagatsha abo, kanye langezivumelwano le-ZimPost kanye lamanye amabhizinisi athengisayo. Muva nje, bathuthukise inkambiso yabo ngokwethula izikwelede zedijithali, njengesikwelede sefoni esizenzakalelayo esikhokhwa ekupheleni kwenyanga, ukusiza labo abangafinyeleli kalula ezinsizakalweni zamabhanki ajwayelekile.

Umqondisi Omkhulu we-posb nguMnumzana Garainashe Changunda, kanti usihlalo webhodi nguDokotela R. Mbire. Leli bhanki liqhubeka nokuba ngumholi ekufakeni abantu ezinhlelweni zezimali, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zasemakhaya, ngokusebenzisa inethiwekhi yalo ebanzi.

Izinhlobo Zesikwelede Nezinkonzo Ezinikezwa I-posb

I-posb inikeza izinhlobo eziningi zezikwelede ezihlelelwe izidingo ezahlukene zamakhasimende ayo. Lezi zikwelede zihlelwe ukuba zifinyeleleke kalula, ikakhulukazi kulabo abangase bakuthola kunzima ukuboleka kwamanye amabhanki.

• Izikwelede Zomuntu Ngamunye (Personal Microfinance Loans): Lezi zikwelede zenzelwe ikakhulukazi izisebenzi zikahulumende, lapho imali idonswa khona ngqo emholweni. Zingafika ku-$2,000 wemali yeMelika, zikhokhwe eminyakeni emibili (24 months). Kuphoqelekile ukuba ube nomshuwalense wesikwelede. Baphinde babe nezikwelede eziphuthumayo (Express Personal Loans) ezingadingi isibambiso kubasebenzi bakahulumende abafanelekayo.
• Izikwelede Zemali Yesikole (School Fees Loans): Lezi zenzelwe ukukhokhela imali yesikole nezinye izindleko zemfundo. Zingafaka izicelo zomuntu ngamunye noma zeqembu labantu.
• Izikwelede Zokungcwatshwa/Zokwelapha Eziphuthumayo (Benevolent/Emergency Medical Loans): Lezi zikwelede zenzelwe izimo eziphuthumayo, njengokungcwatshwa noma ukwelapha. Zingathathwa ngamaqembu abantu abathathu (3), zidinga imibhalo embalwa.
• Izikwelede Zamabhizinisi Amancane (Cash Flow/Group-Backed Loans): Zenzelwe amabhizinisi amancane angekho emthethweni (informal businesses) ukuthola imali yokuqhubeka. Zisebenza ngohlelo lweqembu, lapho abantu abaningi beba nesibopho sokukhokha isikwelede. Lezi zivunywa ngokushesha, zingakapheli amahora angamashumi amabili nane (24).
• Isikwelede Senyanga Esisheshayo (Instant Payday Loan): Lesi yisikwelede esizenzakalelayo, esingadingi isibambiso. Sifinyelelwa ngohlelo lwefoni (USSD) ngenombolo *223# kuma-Econet, kanye *222# kwabanye. Ubukhulu besikwelede buncike emlandweni womholo wakho, futhi bukhokhelwa ngosuku olulandelayo lomholo (maximum 30 days). Lesi sisebenzela kakhulu abasebenzi abahola encane kanye labasemakhaya.
• Izikwelede Zokwakha Izindlu (Ordinary Mortgage Loans): Lezi yizikwelede zokuthenga noma ukwakha izindlu, ezinomkhawulo weminyaka engu-10. Zidinga isibambiso setayitela sendlu. Kuphoqelekile ukuthi ube ne-akhawunti yokonga ku-posb.

Inzalo, Izindleko, kanye Nemigomo Yokuboleka

Kubalulekile ukuba umuntu ofuna ukuboleka imali azi ngemigomo yenzalo, izindleko zokusebenza, kanye nesikhathi sokubuyisela imali. I-posb izama ukuba sobala ngalezi zinto, yize kunezimo lapho izindleko zingaqondakali kahle khona.

• Izikwelede Zomuntu Ngamunye kanye Nezokuxhaswa Kwamabhizinisi Amancane: Imali ebolekwayo isuka ku-$100 iye ku-$2,000. Isikhathi sokukhokha sisuka ezinyangeni eziyisithupha (6) siye kwezingamashumi amabili nane (24). Inzalo yonyaka (APR) isuka ku-10.1% kulabo abanerekhodi elihle lokukhokha, iye ku-24% kulabo abanengozi ephezulu.
• Izikwelede Zemali Yesikole kanye Nezokuphuthumayo: Imali isuka ku-$50 iye ku-$1,000. Isikhathi sokukhokha sisuka ezinyangeni ezintathu (3) siye kweziyishumi nambili (12). Inzalo yonyaka isuka ku-15% iye ku-18%.
• Isikwelede Senyanga Esisheshayo: Imali isuka ku-$50 iye ku-$300. Isikhathi sokukhokha siqeda lapho uhola khona imali yakho elandelayo, okungaba yinyanga eyodwa (30 days). Inzalo yonyaka ingaba cishe u-30%, kodwa lokhu kungashintsha.
• Izikwelede Zokwakha Izindlu: Imali isuka ku-$5,000 iye ku-$50,000 (ngemali yeZimbabwe edinga ukuguqulwa). Isikhathi sokukhokha singafika eminyakeni eyishumi (10). Inzalo ihlala ingaguquki ku-12% ngonyaka.

Izindleko Zokusebenza Nezezimvu: Kunezindleko zokusebenza ezingamashumi amahlanu emadola ($50) ezingaguquki kuzikwelede zomuntu ngamunye kanye nezokuxhaswa kwamabhizinisi amancane. Uma uphuza ukukhokha, kungenzeka ukhokhe imali eyengeziwe engamaphesenti amahlanu (5%) emalini osuke ungakakhokhi ngayo ngenyanga. Isibambiso sidingeka ezikwelede zokwakha izindlu (amaphepha endlu), kodwa asidingeki ezikwelede eziningi zomuntu ngamunye kanye nezenyanga. Izikwelede zeqembu zisebenzisa isibambiso seqembu.

Indlela Yokufaka Isicelo kanye Nezidingo Zakho

Ukufaka isicelo sesikwelede ku-posb kulula kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yezindlela zabo eziningi zokufinyelela amakhasimende. Kunezindlela ezahlukene, kusukela kulezo zakudala zamagatsha kuya kwezedijithali.

Izindlela Zokufaka Isicelo:

• Inkonzo Yefoni (USSD): Le yindlela eshesha kakhulu yokufaka isicelo sesikwelede senyanga esisheshayo. Sebenzisa *223# uma unga-Econet, noma *222# kwabanye abahlinzeki bezinsizakalo zocingo. Lokhu kusiza ukuba imali ikhishwe ngokushesha.
• Uhlelo Lweselula (Mobile App): I-posb inohlelo lwayo lweselula olutholakala kuma-Android nakuma-iOS ("POSB Mobile Banking"). Yize luhlelo oluhle kakhulu lokuphatha i-akhawunti yakho nokwenza ezinye izinto, okwamanje alunikezi ukufaka isicelo sesikwelede ngokuqondile.
• Ibhange Ledijithali (Internet Banking): Ungafinyelela i-akhawunti yakho ngewebhusayithi ye-posb. Ungalanda amafomu ezicelo zesikwelede, kodwa kusadingeka uwangenise mathupha egatsheni.
• Amagatsha kanye Nezindawo Zokusebenza (Physical Branches & Agencies): I-posb inamagatshe angamashumi amathathu nane (34) ezweni lonke. Baphinde basebenzisane le-ZimPost (ezindaweni ezingamashumi amabili nambili, 220 agencies) kanye lezitolo ezinkulu (ezindaweni eziyishumi nesishiyagalombili, 18 kiosks), okwenza kube lula ukufinyelela izinsizakalo zabo.

Izidingo Zokufaka Isicelo (KYC & Onboarding):

Ukuze ukwazi ukufaka isicelo sesikwelede, uzodinga ukunikeza le mibhalo elandelayo:

• Umazisi wakho (National ID, ipasipoti, noma ilayisensi yokushayela).
• Ubufakazi bendawo ohlala kuyo (isibonelo, ibhili lamanzi noma likagesi).
• Ubufakazi bomholo wakho (isibonelo, i-payslip yakho noma izitatimende zasebhange).
• Kuphoqelekile ukuba ube ne-akhawunti yokonga ne-posb ukuze ukwazi ukuthola isikwelede.

I-posb isebenzisa indlela yokuhlola isikwelede esekelwe esimweni somsebenzi wakho, umlando womholo, kanye nokuthi uyiqhutshwa kanjani i-akhawunti yakho. Ezikwelede zeqembu, basebenzisa ubudlelwano phakathi kwabantu beqembu njengesibambiso.

Uhlelo Lweselula Lwe-posb, Indlela Olusebenza Ngayo, Nezimbangi Emakethe

Uhlelo lweselula lwe-posb luyindlela ebalulekile yokwenza izinto zibe lula kumakhasimende, yize kunezinkinga ezithile ezibikiwe. Emakethe yaseZimbabwe, i-posb ibhekene nezimbangi eziningi, okuyenza igxile ekunikeni izinsizakalo ezikhethekile.

Uhlelo Lweselula Lwe-posb (Mobile App)

Uhlelo lwe-posb luyatholakala kuma-Android (idinga i-Android 9+) nakuma-iOS (idinga i-iOS 12+). Lusebenza ukunikeza izinsizakalo eziningi ezibalulekile ezifana nokubheka ibhalansi, ukuthola i-mini-statement, ukudlulisa imali nge-ZIPIT, ukuthenga i-airtime, ukukhokha izikwelede, nokuthola amagatsha noma ama-ATM aseduze.

Nokho, imibono evela kumakhasimende ibonisa ukuthi lolu hlelo lunezinkinga. Kwi-Google Play Store, lunezilinganiso eziphansi ezi-3.1/5, kanti kwi-App Store kunezilinganiso eziphansi nakakhulu ezi-1.8/5. Iningi lezikhalazo liphathelene nokuthi uhlelo luyahluleka ukuqala noma luyagcina luvaleka ngokuzenzakalelayo. Lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi i-posb idinga ukuthuthukisa kakhulu uhlelo lwayo lweselula ukuze inikeze ulwazi olungcono kumakhasimende.

Isimo Semakethe Nezimbangi

I-posb inesabelo esingamaphesenti amahlanu (5%) emalini yokonga yezwe. Yaziwa kakhulu ngokufaka abantu ezinhlelweni zezimali, ikakhulukazi ngenethiwekhi yayo yamagatsha ezindaweni zasemakhaya. Izimbangi zayo ezinkulu eZimbabwe zifaka phakathi:

• GetBucks Microfinance Bank: Le yibhanki eliqondene kakhulu nezikwelede ezincane kanye nemikhiqizo yemali yeMelika.
• EcoCash Loan Wallet: Inikeza izikwelede ezisheshayo zefoni ezifinyelela ku-$50, ngokusebenzisa inkonzo yocingo.
• ZB Financial Holdings: Inikeza izikwelede eziningi kubantu kanye nakumabhizinisi amancane naphakathi.
• BancABC, CBZ: Amanye amabhanki amakhulu anikeza izinsizakalo ezifanayo.

I-posb ihlela ukuthuthukisa izinsizakalo zayo zedijithali, njengokwethula izindlela zokuvula i-akhawunti ngedijithali ngonyaka ka-2026, kanye nokusebenzisana nezinkampani zocingo ukuze izikwelede zifinyeleleke kalula.

Iseluleko Esibalulekile Kwabafuna Ukuboleka Imali

Njengoba usuzwile nge-posb kanye nezinsizakalo zayo, kubalulekile ukuba ulandele iseluleko esingezansi ukuze wenze izinqumo ezihlakaniphile uma ufuna ukuboleka imali.

Qonda Kahle Imigomo Nezindleko: Ngaphambi kokusayina noma yini, qiniseka ukuthi uyiqonda yonke imigomo yenzalo (APR), izindleko zokusebenza, kanye nezinhlawulo zokulibala ukukhokha. Buza imibuzo eminingi ku-posb uma kukhona ongakuqondi kahle. Yize i-posb ibalulekile ekufakeni abantu ezinhlelweni zezimali, abanye abasebenzisi bakhalaze ngokuthi izindleko zezinhlawulo zingaba phezulu, futhi ukucubungula isikwelede kungathatha isikhathi eside (izinsuku ezi-2-5).

Hlola Amarekhodi Akho Okukhokha: Qiniseka ukuthi amarekhodi akho omholo ahlanzekile futhi i-akhawunti yakho ne-posb isebenza kahle. Lokhu kuzokusiza ukuthola isikwelede ngokushesha nangenzalo ephansi. I-posb isebenzisa umlando wakho womsebenzi kanye nendlela oyiqhutsha ngayo i-akhawunti yakho ukuhlola isicelo sakho.

Sebenzisa Izindlela Zedijithali Ngokuqapha: Izikwelede zefoni (USSD) zishesha kakhulu futhi zilula. Kodwa, uhlelo lweselula lwe-posb lunezinkinga ezibikiwe. Uma uhlela ukusebenzisa uhlelo, qaphela ukuthi kungenzeka luhluleke ukusebenza kahle. Kungcono ukusebenzisa izinsizakalo zefoni (USSD) uma ufuna isikwelede esisheshayo, noma uvakashele igatsha lebhanki uma ungaqiniseki.

Qaphela Izikwelede Zesikwelede Senyanga: Izikwelede zenyanga (Instant Payday Loans) ziwusizo ezimeni eziphuthumayo, kodwa ziza nenzalo ephakeme (cishe u-30% ngonyaka). Kubalulekile ukuzisebenzisa kuphela uma uqinisekile ukuthi uzokwazi ukuzikhokha ngokushesha ukuze ugweme ukungena ezikweledeni ezinde.

Yazi Ngamalungelo Akho Njengomboleki: I-posb ilawulwa yi-Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe (RBZ). Uma kukhona inkinga, ungaxhumana ne-RBZ ukuze uthole usizo. Kubalulekile ukuba amabhanki abeke obala zonke izindleko kanye nenzalo, ngakho-ke hlala ubuza imininingwane ephelele.

Ngokulandela lezi zinyathelo, ungasebenzisa izinsizakalo ze-posb ngendlela ephumelelayo futhi uvikele izimali zakho.